The Ottoman reformers hoped an identity grounded in civic loyalty to the dynasty (Ottomanism) would subsume rather than eradicate preexisting religious identities and lead to greater harmony in the empire’s body politic, as well as to secure the continued diplomatic support of the United Kingdom. This volume, which starts chronologically where the earlier work ended, discusses the reforms by which the Ottoman state attempted to instill in its subjects an ideal of secular nationalism following the sectarian disruptions of the middle of the 19th century. Ussama Makdisi’s The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Lebanon (University of California Press, 2001) has provided the theoretical foundation for most scholarly research on inter communal relations in the Ottoman Empire since its publication.
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